A stress fracture is a small crack in the bone and these fractures are caused by repeated stress and over use.
Because they are caused by repeated stress the pain can be gradual until it becomes unbearable.
Those at High Risk of Stress Fractures
Athletes are more likely to have stress fractures than others. These fractures are also most likely to happen in the lower extremities and feet due to the fact that they are weight bearing.
They can also happen in bones of the wrist in people who perform heavy physical work with their hands or are on their feet all day.
Unfortunately, stress fractures can also happen in the older population due to lower bone density AKA osteoporosis.
Signs of Stress Fractures
- Point tenderness or tenderness at the spot
- Pain during activity that does not completely subside when you stop that activity
- Swelling at the site of fracture (which can be very slight)
If you have any of these signs, get it checked out! Continuing to walk or use the body part can lead to more chronic issues.
How to Decrease the Likelihood of a Stress Fracture
- Cross training
- Use proper equipment (shoes and protective gear)
- Rest if you have pain
- Be sure to allow for proper recovery following a training session
- Proper nutrition to include calcium and vitamin D to allow for proper bone building
See my sport specialization blog post here on how to integrate cross training into the routine.
Treatment for Stress Fractures
Once a stress fracture is diagnosed, the person will be placed in a boot or brace to allow for healing. Even though a stress fracture is a small crack in the bone, PT is not recommended until fully healed.
After healing has been confirmed and the boot or brace is removed, PT may be required to help strengthen the muscles of that joint or body part. Guiding that person to proper beginning and progression of exercises.
For more information on stress fractures, check out this research paper here.